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John McEwen : ウィキペディア英語版
John McEwen

Sir John McEwen, (29 March 190020 November 1980), was an Australian politician and the 18th Prime Minister of Australia. He was the last member of the Country Party to serve as Prime Minister. He was nicknamed "Black Jack" by Robert Menzies due to his dark 'beetle-browed' appearance and temper.〔(Fast facts: John McEwen ), National Archives of Australia, primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers; accessed 10 June 2015.〕〔C.J. Lloyd, (McEwen, Sir John (1900–1980) ), adb.online.anu.edu.au; accessed 10 June 2015.〕
==Early life==
McEwen was born at Chiltern, Victoria to David James McEwen, a pharmacist from Ireland, and his second wife, Amy Ellen (née Porter; died 1901). His father died in 1907 and consequently McEwen was raised by his grandmother with her sister. He was educated at state schools and at 15 became a junior public service clerk. He enlisted in the Army immediately upon turning 18 but the First World War ended while he was still in training.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=First World War Service Record – John McEwen )〕 He commenced dairy farming at Tongala (Victoria), near Shepparton, and then changed to sheep and cattle farming in nearby Stanhope.〔(Rt. Hon. Sir John McEwen GCMG CH ), Stanhope DC〕〔(John McEwen: Before office ), National Archives of Australia〕〔Peter Golding, (Black Jack McEwen: Political Gladiator ), Carlton South: Melbourne University Press, 1996, pp. 41–42, 45, 48–49〕

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